From: A glance on the role of actin in osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells
Pathogen | Mechanism of action adaptation in host cell | References |
---|---|---|
Salmonella spp. | Translocate effectors (SopE and SopE2) into host cells which increase F actin polymerization. | |
Listeria monocytogenes | ActA protein recruits an Arp2/3 on the surface of listeria which promotes actin polymerization that helps in the movement of bacteria in the cells. | |
E. coli | Actin-rich filament that facilitates their attachment. | |
Chlamydia trachomatis | Secrete actin-recruiting phosphoprotein (Tarp) which cause actin polymerization depolymerization in the host cell. | |
Coxiella burnetii | Infects phagocytic human macrophages via binding to complement receptor 3 (CR3) receptors, triggering the reorganization of filamentous actin at the attachment site. | [145] |
Rickettsia conorii | Attachment to host cell requires actin rearrangement via recruitment and activation of Arp2/3. | [146] |
Tick-borne pathogen Anaplasma phagocytophilu | Actin polymerization at invasion. | [147] |
Ehrlichia chaffeensis | Manipulation of cytoskeleton through SUMOylation-dependent protein-protein interactions between bacterial effectors and host cytoskeletal components. | [148] |
Vaccinia viruses | Receptor tyrosine kinase signaling which in turn ignite actin polymerization through N-WASP-Arp2/3 cascade. | [149] |