Table 1 Scaffold materials in the tissue engineering
From: Progress in studies of epidermal stem cells and their application in skin tissue engineering
Biomaterials | Examples | Structure | Application |
|---|---|---|---|
Natural biomaterials | Elastin | An elastic protein made up of water soluble tropoelastin | Cardiac stent coatings, soft tissue reconstruction, orthopedics |
Collagen | A fibrous triple-helical protein | Wound healing, skin grafts, muscle repair, nerve regeneration, anti-aging | |
Collagen type I, a major subtype consists of two alpha 1 units and one alpha 2 | |||
Chitosan | A linear polysaccharide consisting of β-(1-4)-linked d-glucosamine and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine | Wound healing, orthopedics, cardiac repair, nerve regeneration, drug and gene delivery | |
Protein-based biomaterials | Fibrin | A fibrous non-globular protein produced by the cleavage of fibrinogen | Wound healing, cardiac repair, cell delivery |
Silk | Extracted from cocoon of silk worms. It contains fibrous protein fibroin and water soluble sericin protein | Muscle repair and regeneration, bone tissue engineering, cornea repair, drug delivery | |
Polysaccharide-based biomaterials | Alginate | An anionic polysaccharide consisting of homopolymeric blocks of (1-4)-linked β-d-mannuronate (M) and C-5 epimer α-l-guluronate (G) residues | Wound healing, drug delivery, soft tissue, engineering, cell delivery, in vitro stem cell maintenance |
Synthetic polymer-based biomaterials | Poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) and PLGA | Copolymers that consist of monomers of lactic acid and glycolic acid connected by ester bonds | Wound healing, cell delivery |