Fig. 2

Preparation of tissue-engineered meniscus. a Characteristics of 3D printed scaffold: (a) canine native meniscus, (b) reconstruction model of canine native meniscus, (c) general observation of the upper surface of the 3D printed meniscus scaffold, (d) general observation of the bottom of the 3D printed meniscus scaffold, (e) cylindrical scaffolds with the same printing parameters as the 3D printed meniscus scaffold, and (f, g) scanning electron microscope images of the upper surface and bottom of the 3D printed meniscus scaffold. b Inverted phase contrast microscope image of BMSCs–scaffold constructs cultured for 7 days and 14 days. c CCK-8 assay for the determination of the cell compatibility of the 3D printed PCL scaffold. d GAG/DNA ratios of BMSCs–scaffold constructs at different culture time points. e The relative expression levels of Col2 in BMSCs–scaffold constructs at different culture time points (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01)