Fig. 1

Schematic illustration of the current study. A schematic diagram illustrating. a TMSCs were isolated and serially cultured until passage 20 to 25 to obtain culture-aged senescent TMSC. b TMSCs were divided into two experimental groups according to passage number: control TMSCs (passage number 5–8) and culture-aged TMSCs (passage number 20–25). c Transcriptomic microarray analysis of differential gene expression between control and culture-aged TMSCS .d ECM-receptor interaction-related genes were identified by KEGG pathway analysis. Of these genes, ITGA3 was selected as a representative biomarker for the TMSCs with replicative senescence. e Graphical summary of the ITGA3-AKT signaling pathway