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Table 3 Clinical outcomes of the patients

From: Treatment of severe COVID-19 with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells

Variables

Total patients (n = 41)

hUC-MSC (N = 12)

Control (N = 29)

P value

Time to clinical improvement-median, No. of days (IQR)

13.00 (7.00, 18.50)

9.00 (6.00, 13.00)

14.00 (9.50, 21.00)

0.006

Age ≤ 65 years- median, No. of days (IQR)

9.50 (6.75, 14.00)

6.00 (3.00, 7.00)

12.00 (7.25, 15.50)

0.0014**

Age > 65 years –median, No. of days (IQR)

17.00 (13.00, 23.00)

13.00 (11.75, 14.00)

23.00 (18.50, 29.00)

< 0.001***

Day 28 mortality, No. (%)

3 (7.31%)

0

3 (7.31%)

0.543

Earlier (≤ 12 days after onset of symptoms)

0

0

0

 

Later (> 12 days after onset of symptoms)

3 (7.31%)

0

3 (7.31%)

0.543

Patients who progressed from severe to critical illness, No. (%)

4 (9.76%)

0

4 (13.79%)

0.667

Clinical improvement, No. (%)

 Day 3

3 (7.32%)

2 (16.67%)

1 (3.45%)

0.200

 Day 7

12 (29.27%)

7 (58.33%)

5 (17.24%)

0.020*

 Day 14

26 (63.41%)

11 (91.67%)

15 (51.72%)

0.03

 Day 28

37 (90.24%)

12 (100%)

25 (86.21%)

0.302

 Hospital stay, median, No. of days (IQR)

22.00 (19.50, 25.00)

20.00 (16.00, 24.00)

24.00 (20.00, 26.50)

0.054

Score on seven-category scale at day 7 of enrollment, No. of patients (%)

 2: Not hospitalized but unable to resume normal activities

1 (2.44%)

1 (8.33%)

0

0.293

 3: Hospitalization, not requiring supplemental oxygen

10 (24.39%)

7 (58.33%)

3 (10.34%)

0.0028**

 4: Hospitalization, requiring supplemental oxygen

22 (53.66%)

3 (25.00%)

19 (65.52%)

0.037

 5: Hospitalization, requiring HFNC or noninvasive mechanical ventilation

6 (14.63%)

1 (8.33%)

5 (17.24%)

0.651

 6: Hospitalization, requiring ECMO, invasive mechanical ventilation, or both

2 (4.88%)

0

2 (4.88%)

1.000

 7: Death

0

0

0

1.000

Score on seven-category scale at day 14 of enrollment, No. of patients (%)

 2: Not hospitalized but unable to resume normal activities

10 (24.39%)

5 (41.67%)

5 (17.24%)

0.124

 3: Hospitalization, not requiring supplemental oxygen

23 (56.10%)

6 (50.00%)

17 (58.62%)

0.734

 4: Hospitalization, requiring supplemental oxygen

2 (4.88%)

1 (8.33%)

1 (3.45%)

0.505

 5: Hospitalization, requiring HFNC or noninvasive mechanical ventilation

2 (4.88%)

0

2 (6.70%)

1.000

 6: Hospitalization, requiring ECMO, invasive mechanical ventilation, or both

1 (2.44%)

0

1 (3.45%)

1.000

 7: Death

3 (7.32%)

0

3 (10.34%)

0.543

  1. Note: Clinical improvement was defined as a decline of two categories on the modified seven-category ordinal scale of clinical status, or hospital discharge
  2. HFNC high nasal flow oxygen therapy, ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
  3. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, compared with the control group