Fig. 5

TSC-Exos promote the proliferation and migration of cells via the PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK1/2 signaling. a–c Western-blot analysis of protein levels of pAkt and pERK1/2 induced by different concentrations of TSC-Exos. d–g LY294002 and PD98059 inhibit the activation of PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK1/2 induced by TSC-Exos, respectively. h, i EdU assay showed that TSC-Exos-mediated tenocyte proliferation was suppressed by inhibitors LY294002 and PD98059. j, k Transwell and l, m scratch assays showed that TSC-Exos enhanced tenocyte migration at 24 h, but this effect was significantly reduced by inhibitors LY294002 and PD98059. Bars, 100 μm; data are represented as mean ± SD. *, vs control; #, vs TSCs-Exo, n = 3. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.0001, ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01, ^###P < 0.0001