Table 1 Characteristics of the included clinical trials
Study | Baseline of participants | Defect type | Stem cells | Cell carrier | Control | Major finding | Study design |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aimetti 2018 [100] | 11 participants with 11 defects; mean age 51.2 ± 6.1 years; five males and six females; Italia | Intrabony defect | Autologous DPSCs isolated from one vital tooth of the patients | Collagen sponge | Self-control | The application of DPSCs significantly improved clinical (PD, AL) and radiographic parameters (BF) of periodontal regeneration. | Single-arm and single-center clinical study |
Baba 2016 [101] | 10 participants with ten defects; mean age 48.4 years; three males and seven females; Japan | Intrabony defect | Autologous BMSCs isolated from patient iliac crest marrow aspirate | PRP and a composed of PLA resin fibers | Two healthy teeth per patient were used as the control | All three clinical parameters (PD, AL, and LBG) improved significantly. No clinical safety problems attributable to BMSCs were identified. | Single-arm and single-center clinical study |
Chen 2016 [102] | 30 participants with 41 defects; 30.04 ± 7.90 years for the control group; 26.05 ± 4.44 for cell group; Male and Female; China | Intrabony defect | Autologous PDLSCs isolated from the third molars of the patients | Bio-oss® | 21 defects treated with GTR and Bio-oss® without stem cells | Each group showed a significant increase in the alveolar bone height, while no statistically significant differences were detected between the cell group and the control group. Using autologous PDLSCs is safe and does not produce significant adverse effects. | Single-center RCTs |
Dhote 2015 [103] | 14 participants with 24 defects; mean age 32.62 ± 6.99 years; eight males and six females; India | Intrabony defect | Allogeneic UMSCs isolated from human umbilical cord | β-TCP and rh-PDGF-BB | 14 control sites were treated by an open flap debridement only | Using stem cells cultured on β-TCP in combination with rh-PDGF-BB resulted in a significant added benefit in terms of AL gains, PD reductions, more excellent radiographic BF, and improvement in LBG compared to the control group. | Single-center RCTs |
Feng 2010 [104] | Three participants with 16 defects; 25, 25, and 29 years; Male; China | Intrabony defect | Autologous PDLSCs obtained from third molars | Bone grafting material CALCITITE 4060-2 | Self-control | Clinical examination (PD, AL, and GR) indicated that PDLSCs might provide therapeutic benefits for periodontal defects. All treated patients showed no adverse effects during the follow-up. | Single-arm and single-center clinical study |
Ferrarotti 2018 [105] | 29 participants with 29 defects; mean age 50.7 ± 8.5 years; 13 males and 14 females; Italia | Intrabony defect | Autologous DPSCs isolated from one vital tooth of the patients | Collagen sponge | 14 control sites were filled with collagen sponge alone | Application of DPSCs significantly improved clinical parameters of periodontal regeneration (PD, AL, and BF) 1 year after treatment. | Single-center RCTs |
Iwata 2018 [106] | 10 participants with 14 defects; mean age 46 ± 12 years; five males and five females; Japan | Intrabony defect | Autologous PDLSCs isolated from the third molars of the patients | β-TCP | Self-control | Clinical parameters (PD, AL) and radiographic assessment (bone height) were improved in all 10 cases at 6 months after the transplantation. These therapeutic effects were sustained during a mean follow-up period of 55 ± 19 months, and there were no serious adverse events. | Single-arm and single-center clinical study |
Yamada 2006 [107] | One participant with one defect; 54 years; Female; Japan | Intrabony defect | Autologous BMSCs isolated from patient iliac crest marrow aspirate | PRP and thrombin-calcium chloride | The patient’s contralateral homonymous teeth | BMSCs/PRP gel could be clinically effective in reducing PD, improving AL in intrabony lesions. | Single-arm and single-center clinical study |