From: Application of human amniotic epithelial cells in regenerative medicine: a systematic review
Diseases/focuses | Transplantation method/dose | Species | Outcome | Repair mechanism | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parkinson’s disease | Injection of striatum (4 × 104 cells) | Rats | Ameliorating of apomorphine-induced rotational asymmetry | Differentiating into TH-immunoreactive cells | [60] |
Ischemic brain injury | Injection of dorsolateral striatum (8 × 105 cells) | Rats | Ameliorating behavioral dysfunction; reducing infarct volume | Expressing neuronal progenitor marker (Nestin), neuronal marker (MAP 2), astrocyte marker (GFAP) | [61] |
Alzheimer’s disease | Intracerebroventricular injection (1.2 × 105 cells) | Mice | Improving the spatial memory; increasing acetylcholine concentration and the number of hippocampal cholinergic neurites | Expressing stem cell-specific markers OCT-4 and Nanog | [62] |
Chronic liver failure | Intrasplenical injection (2 × 106 cells) | Mice | Liver was larger in size, softer, and less nodular; increasing serum albumin level | Differentiating into functional hepatocytes positive for albumin | [34] |
Lung injury | Fetal jugular vein (3 × 106 cells) | Sheep | Reducing ventilation-induced preterm lung injury, including less collagen, elastin, fibrosis, normalized secondary-septal crests | Differentiating into type I and II alveolar cells | [63] |
Premature ovarian failure | Intravenously injection (2 × 106 cells) | Mice | Promoting folliculogenesis; repairing ovarian function | Differentiating into granulosa cells expressing follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) | [64] |
Myocardial infarction | Injection of the infarcted myocardium (1 × 106 cells) | Rats | Decreasing infarct size; improving cardiac function | Differentiating into cardiomyocyte-like cells expressing myocardium-specific marker myosin heavy chain | [65] |
Gland injury | Intra-glandular injection (1 × 106 cells) | Mice | Restoring the morphology and function of salivary gland | Differentiating into acinar-like cells | [66] |
Inner ear injury | Injection of cochlea (1 × 105 cells) | Hartley guinea pigs | Cooperation in the regional potassium ion recycling | Expressing cochlear fibrocyte markers connexin 26 and Na-K-adenosine triphosphatase | [67] |
Achilles tendon injury | In situ injection (10 × 106 cells) | Sheep | Improving tendon microarchitecture and blood vessel remodeling; contributing to tendon regeneration | Differentiating into tenocytes expressing collagen I | [68] |