Skip to main content

Table 2 Homing and differentiation of hAECs in vivo

From: Application of human amniotic epithelial cells in regenerative medicine: a systematic review

Diseases/focuses

Transplantation method/dose

Species

Outcome

Repair mechanism

References

Parkinson’s disease

Injection of striatum (4 × 104 cells)

Rats

Ameliorating of apomorphine-induced rotational asymmetry

Differentiating into TH-immunoreactive cells

[60]

Ischemic brain injury

Injection of dorsolateral striatum (8 × 105 cells)

Rats

Ameliorating behavioral dysfunction; reducing infarct volume

Expressing neuronal progenitor marker (Nestin), neuronal marker (MAP 2), astrocyte marker (GFAP)

[61]

Alzheimer’s disease

Intracerebroventricular injection (1.2 × 105 cells)

Mice

Improving the spatial memory; increasing acetylcholine concentration and the number of hippocampal cholinergic neurites

Expressing stem cell-specific markers OCT-4 and Nanog

[62]

Chronic liver failure

Intrasplenical injection (2 × 106 cells)

Mice

Liver was larger in size, softer, and less nodular; increasing serum albumin level

Differentiating into functional hepatocytes positive for albumin

[34]

Lung injury

Fetal jugular vein (3 × 106 cells)

Sheep

Reducing ventilation-induced preterm lung injury, including less collagen, elastin, fibrosis, normalized secondary-septal crests

Differentiating into type I and II alveolar cells

[63]

Premature ovarian failure

Intravenously injection (2 × 106 cells)

Mice

Promoting folliculogenesis; repairing ovarian function

Differentiating into granulosa cells expressing follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR)

[64]

Myocardial infarction

Injection of the infarcted myocardium (1 × 106 cells)

Rats

Decreasing infarct size; improving cardiac function

Differentiating into cardiomyocyte-like cells expressing myocardium-specific marker myosin heavy chain

[65]

Gland injury

Intra-glandular injection (1 × 106 cells)

Mice

Restoring the morphology and function of salivary gland

Differentiating into acinar-like cells

[66]

Inner ear injury

Injection of cochlea (1 × 105 cells)

Hartley guinea pigs

Cooperation in the regional potassium ion recycling

Expressing cochlear fibrocyte markers connexin 26 and Na-K-adenosine triphosphatase

[67]

Achilles tendon injury

In situ injection (10 × 106 cells)

Sheep

Improving tendon microarchitecture and blood vessel remodeling; contributing to tendon regeneration

Differentiating into tenocytes expressing collagen I

[68]