Table 3 Paracrine function of hAECs in different diseases
From: Application of human amniotic epithelial cells in regenerative medicine: a systematic review
Diseases/focuses | Injection method | Species | Outcome | Repair mechanism | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parkinson’s disease | Injection of tegmentum of the midbrain | Rats | Enhancing the survival of DA; protecting the morphological integrity of TH-positive neurons against toxic insult | hAEC-CM (neurotrophins such as BDNF and NT-3) | [77] |
Corneal alkali injury | Injection the dorsal bulbar subconjunctival | Rabbits | Reducing the infiltration of inflammatory cells; promoting corneal wound healing | hAEC-CM (anti-inflammatory factors) | [78] |
Corneal injury | Topically application | Mice | Reducing corneal neovascularization; suppressing corneal inflammatory reactions | hAEC-CM (anti-inflammatory factors) | [79] |
Premature ovarian failure | Intraperitoneally injection | Mice | Promoting the formation of vascular; restoring ovarian function | hAEC-CM (proangiogenic factors) | [80] |
Premature ovarian failure | Ovarian injection | Mice | Promoting follicular development; inhibiting granulosa cell apoptosis; restoring ovarian function | hAEC-CM (TGF-β1; anti-apoptotic effect) | [81] |
Chronic liver fibrosis | Intravenously injection | Mice | Reducing collagen synthesis and macrophage infiltration; inducing macrophage toward M2 phenotype | hAEC-CM (anti-fibrosis, anti-inflammation) | [82] |
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis | Intraperitoneally injection | Mice | Reducing hepatic inflammation; inhibiting liver fibrosis | hAEC-CM (anti-inflammation; anti-fibrosis) | [83] |
Myocardial infraction | Cardiac injection | Rats | Regenerating myocardial tissue; improving cardiac function | hAEC-secreting proangiogenic factors | [10] |
Wound healing | Topically injection | Rats | Promoting the migration and proliferation of fibroblasts; accelerating wound healing; inhibiting scar formation | hAEC-exosomes | |
Wound healing | Topically injection | Mice | Stimulating the migration and proliferation of fibroblasts; accelerating wound healing | hAEC-exosomes (miRNAs) | [86] |
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis | Intravenously injection; intranasal instillation | Mice | Reducing lung inflammation and fibrosis; improving tissue-to-airspace ratio | hAEC-exosomes (anti-inflammation; anti-fibrosis) | [87] |
Chronic liver fibrosis | Intravenously injection | Mice | Reducing collagen synthesis and macrophage infiltration; inducing macrophage toward to M2 phenotype | hAEC-EV (anti-fibrotic proteins) | [82] |
Premature ovarian failure | Ovarian injection | Mice | Inhibiting the apoptosis of granulosa cells; repairing ovarian function | hAEC-exosomes (miR-1246; anti-apoptosis) | [88] |