Fig. 10

Bone regeneration evaluated by Masson’s trichrome staining. a Masson’s trichrome staining was conducted to show the newly formed bone and collagen deposition within the implanted constructs at 4 and 12 weeks post-surgery. The dotted line indicates the boundary of the 6-mm defect. Red wary lines designate newly formed bone, and asterisks indicate residual scaffolds. Scale bars in lower magnification images represent 1000 μm, and scale bars in higher magnification images represent 250 μm. b Quantification analysis of new bone area fraction in different groups at 4 and 12 weeks (n = 6). n.s. indicated no significance (^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01)