Fig. 5

Effects of EMF on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs cultured on scaffolds. a BMSCs were seeded on cubic scaffolds, cultured in GM, and treated with or without EMF. Proliferation of both groups was detected at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 days. b Phosphorylations of MAPK pathway involved in GM and GM+EMF groups assessed by western blotting. c Quantification analysis of the MAPK pathway activation in GM and GM+EMF groups using Image-J software, total ERK, JNK, and p38 were served as the internal control (n = 3). d BMSCs were seeded on cubic scaffolds, cultured in OIM, and treated with or without EMF for 7 days. Protein expression of RUNX2 and OPN of both groups were determined by western blotting. e Quantification analysis of the RUNX2 and OPN expression by Image-J software, GAPDH was used as the internal control (n = 3). f Activation of MAPK pathway involved in OIM and OIM+EMF groups evaluated by western blotting. g Quantification analysis of the MAPK pathway activation in OIM and OIM+EMF groups using Image-J software, total ERK, JNK, and p38 were used as the internal control (n = 3) (^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01)