Table 1 Reports of therapeutic procedures involving fat or mesenchymal stromal cells for the management of respiratory tract fistulas

Oroantral fistula

Autologous buccal fat pad

1+ 25

[32,33,34]

Pharyngocutaneous fistula

Autologous fat

1 + 1

[35, 36]

Tracheoesophageal fistula

Autologous fat

1

[37]

Tracheomediastinal fistula

Autologous adipose tissue SVF in fibrin glue

1

[38]

Bronchopleural fistula

Autologous adipose tissue-derived MSC-seeded matrix graft

1

[39]

Autologous bone marrow-derived MSC

1 + 2

[40, 41]

Umbilical cord MSC

1

[42]

Autologous fat

8

[43]