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Fig. 3 | Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Fig. 3

From: Ca2+-activated mitochondrial biogenesis and functions improve stem cell fate in Rg3-treated human mesenchymal stem cells

Fig. 3

Rg3 induces mitochondrial biogenesis and activation mediated by Ca2+ increase. a [Ca2+]i measurement using a fluorescence imaging system after Fura-2-AM dye loading. b Rg3 induced sustained [Ca2+]i elevation, as estimated by the area under the curve (AUC) above the baseline. c Mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR) was dose-dependently increased by 1-h incubation of Rg3. d–f Effects of extracellular Ca2+ reduction by the addition of 0.4 mM EGTA on OCR (d), and protein levels of mitochondrial transcription factor (Tfam), phosphorylated p70S6 kinase (S6K), and electron transport chain complex II (SDHB) (e, f) following 5 days of Rg3 incubation. Data are presented as the means ± SEMs; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, and ****P < 0.0001

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