Fig. 3

Wound healing in the PCCs and PBMNCs groups. In a 37-year-old male with TAO (a–f), preoperative CTA showed artery occlusion on the left lower extremity with the occlusion level at the orifice of the superficial femoral artery (a). The patient had gangrene and ulcers on his left toes before PCCs transplantation (b). Wound was gradually healing at 1 (c), 3 (d), and 6 (e) months after PCCs transplantation and complete wound healing was observed at 12 months (f). In a 23-year-old male with TAO (g–l), preoperative CTA showed artery occlusion on the left lower extremity with the occlusion level at the distal superficial femoral artery (a). The patient had gangrene on his left toes and a large ulcer on the dorsum of his left foot before PBMNCs transplantation (b). Wound was gradually healing at 1 (c), 3 (d), and 6 (e) months after PBMNCs transplantation and complete wound healing was observed at 12 months (f). PCCs, purified CD34+ cells; PBMNCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, TAO, thromboangiitis obliterans