Fig. 7

Gal-9-ERC-based therapy inhibited B cell activation and donor-specific antibody production. Once B cells activated, they can change into antigen-presenting type cells with co-stimulator expression or might transform into antibody-producing plasma cells, which play a vital role in mediating antibody-mediated rejection (AMR). Here, we measured donor-specific IgG and IgM, using the donor-derived splenocytes co-culturing with recipient serum (1:20 dilution) at 37 °C for 30 min. Then, donor CD3⁺T cell reactive IgG and IgM were measured by FACS analysis respectively. a, b Dot plots of CD3⁺IgG⁺ and CD3⁺IgM⁺. c Differential inhibition of B cell maturation/costimulatory surface marker expression. d, e Percentage of CD3⁺IgG⁺ and CD3⁺IgM⁺ in each group (n = 6). Differences among groups were assessed by using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. Abbreviations: ERC, endometrial regenerative cell; Gal-9-ERC, Galectin-9 high-expression ERC; Rapa, rapamycin