Fig. 8

Schematic illustration of the protective effects of hPMSCs on CD4⁺ T cells senescence. Aging is accompanied by decreased activation of Nrf2 antioxidant pathway and dysfunction of redox metabolism in CD4⁺ T cells. hPMSCs attenuate CD4⁺ T cells senescence via activating Nrf2-mediated exogenous antioxidant defenses. hPMSCs improve Nrf2 activation mediated by increasing phosphorylation of Akt pathway and inhibiting Fyn-mediated degradation of Nrf2