Table 2 Pre-clinical studies of ADSCs and their secretome in photoaging and photocarcinogenesis
From: Application of adipose-derived stem cells in photoaging: basic science and literature review
Function | In vitro or in vivo | Source | Effect cell | Findings | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anti-wrinkling | In vitro | ADSC | HDF | Stimulate collagen expression with higher tropoelastin and fibrillin-1 assessments, decrease MMP expression | [20] |
Anti-wrinkling | In vitro and in vivo | ADSC and ADSC-CM | HDF | Augment dermal thickness and stimulate the proliferation of HDF by the Wnt/ β-catenin signaling pathway | [21] |
Anti-wrinkling | In vitro | ADSC-CM | HDF and HaCaT | Increase procollagen type I synthesis inhibitors IL-6, promote collagen synthesis enhancer TGF- β and inhibit UVB-induced activation of AP-1 and NF- κB | [71] |
Anti-wrinkling | In vitro and in vivo | ADSC and ADSC-CM | HDF | Reduce wrinkle, decrease the UVB-induced apoptotic cell death and MMP1 expression, increase collagen I | [86] |
Anti-wrinkling | In vitro | ADSC-EV | HDF | Suppress the overexpression of MMP-1, -2, -3 and -9 and enhance the expression of TIMP-1, TGF- β1, collagen types I, II, III and V and elastin | [95] |
Anti-wrinkling | In vivo | ADSC | HDF | Stimulate collagen synthesis in HDF and increase angiogenesis | [98] |
Whitening | In vivo | ADSC | Melanocyte | Inhibit melanin formation | [128] |
Whitening | In vitro | ADSC-CM | Melanoma B16 cell | Inhibit melanin synthesis by downregulating tyrosinase and TRP1, mainly mediated by TGF- β1 | [129] |
Whitening | In vivo | ADSC | Melanocyte | Attenuate tanning following UVB-irradiation by suppressing tyrosinase activity | [130] |
Wound healing | In vivo | ADSC | HDF | Inhibit senescence and recover from the injury caused by UV by downregulating SA- β-Gal, p21 and MMP-1 | [34] |
Wound healing | In vitro | ADSC-Exo | HDF | Enhance proliferation and migration of HDF, as well as promote collagen type I and III deposition via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway | [104] |
Inhibit skin cancer | In vivo | ADSC | Total cell of the skin | Restore skin barrier by ameliorating the downregulation of α6 integrin, CD34, and collagen I by UVB, reducing the overexpression of COX2 and TNF- α induced by UVB. | [97] |
Inhibit skin cancer | In vitro and in vivo | ADSC-CM | Melanoma B16 cell | Decrease the proliferation and migration ability of B16 melanoma cells and reduce volume of the tumor mass | [129] |
Systematic improvement | In vivo | Protein extracts of ADSC-CM | Total cell of the skin | Improve melanin levels, brightness, skin gloss, roughness, elasticity, and wrinkles | [127] |