From: Mesenchymal stem cells: amazing remedies for bone and cartilage defects
Defect type | Model | MSC type | Findings |
---|---|---|---|
IVD | Porcine | Autologous BM-MSCs | Reduction in COL1 expression as a marker for fibrosis, reduction of inflammation marker IL1β and elevation of trophic factor BMP2, reducing disc degeneration [22] |
Rat | Xenogeneic hAD-MSCs | Viability and proliferative potentiate of AD-MSC transplanted within the rat IVD, contribution in the maintenance of disc height after the operation [23] | |
Human (n = 5) | Autologous BM-MSCs | Improvement in strength and mobility post stem cell treatment [24] | |
Human (n = 10) | Autologous BM-MSCs | Feasible and safe, rapid improvement of pain and disability (85% of maximum in 3 months) [25] | |
Osteoporosis | Goat | Autologous BM-MSCs | Improvement of bone formation in the osteoporotic model in vivo [26] |
Rat | Xenogeneic hUCB-MSCs | Enhancement of bone formation abilities in osteoporotic rat model similar to no osteoporotic bone regeneration [27] | |
OI | Mouse | Human fetal e-CSCs | Reduction of fractures, increasing bone ductility and BV by directly differentiating to osteoblasts, stimulating host chondrogenesis and osteogenesis [28] |
Human (n = 3) | Allogeneic BM-MSCs | Increase in total body bone mineral content and new dense bone formation [29] | |
Bone fractures | Rabbit | Autologous AD-MSCs | Improvement of healing process in tibial defects compared to using hydroxyapatite alone [30] |
Rat | Xenogeneic hDP-MSCs | Increased callus homogeneity, decline callus earlier size, increased percentage of lamellar in newly formed bone, lower incidence of fibrous tissue in the experimental group, advanced and more efficient bone healing in the cell-treated group compared to the control [31] | |
Human (n = 18) | BMAC | Faster healing in BMAC cancellous bone allograft transplanted group compared to an autologous bone graft, efficacy of BMAC for treatment of nonunion [32] | |
OA | Rat | Allogeneic BM-MSCs | Chondroprotection and reduced subchondral bone mineral density in the transplantation [33] |
Human (n = 4) | Autologous BM-MSCs | Positive changes in all patients, clear bone formation in osteonecrosis patients, cartilage regeneration in the OA patients [34] | |
Human (n = 6) | Autologous BM-MSCs | Improvement of pain, functional status of the knee and walking distance, increase in cartilage thickness, extension of the repair tissue and a considerable decrease in the size of edematous subchondral patches [35] | |
Human (n = 18) | Autologous AD-MSCs | Reduced cartilage defects by regeneration of hyaline-like articular cartilage and improvement of function and pain of the knee joint without causing adverse events [36] |