Fig. 3

SMF inhibits peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ)-mediated signaling in BMSCs cultured in adipogenic medium. a Heatmap of the mRNA expression of downregulated adipogenic genes, as detected by deep sequencing, in BMSCs grown in adipogenic medium and stimulated with 0.6 T SMF for 48 h (fold change > 2, false discovery rate < 0.20). b Western blot analysis of PPARγ and FABP4 in SMF-exposed BMSCs cultured in adipogenic medium. c Gene Ontology (GO) pathway enrichment analyses of significantly downregulated genes in SMF-exposed BMSCs cultured in adipogenic medium. Top 20 enriched pathways are shown.*P<0.05. d Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) indicates that PPARγ-positively correlated genes are significantly reduced in SMF-exposed BMSCs compared with those in control cells