Fig. 2

Multipotent differentiation potential and characterization of isolated and mRNA-engineered hADSCs in vitro. a The proliferation capability of hADSCs was assessed using cell count kit, and the percentage of optical density values relative to the control was calculated. (n = 6; *p† < 0.05, **p† < 0.01). b, c The migration potential of hADSCs was evaluated using transwell assay, and the number of migrated cells dyed with crystal violet (at 12 h post-seeding) was quantified. d Cell surface marker expression of hADSCs was analyzed at 24 h post-transfection. e The multipotent capacity of hADSCs following modRNA transfections was tested by inducing adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic differentiations. Successful differentiations of the lineages were detected and analyzed using Oil Red O, von Kossa, and Alcian Blue stainings, respectively. Scale bars = 50 μm. Error bars showed means ± SD. (n = 3; *p† < 0.05)