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Fig. 2 | Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Fig. 2

From: Potentiation of cord blood cell therapy with erythropoietin for children with CP: a 2 × 2 factorial randomized placebo-controlled trial

Fig. 2

Changes in gross motor outcome. A Changes in (a) GMPM, (b) GMFM change ratio, and (c) GMPM change ratio from baseline to 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post-treatment among group A, B, C, and D. GMPM and GMFM change ratios were calculated as \( \frac{\left(\mathrm{GMPM}\ \mathrm{at}\ \mathrm{the}\ \mathrm{time}\ \mathrm{point}-\mathrm{GMPM}\ \mathrm{at}\ \mathrm{baseline}\ \right)}{\mathrm{GMPM}\ \mathrm{at}\ \mathrm{baseline}\ } \) and \( \frac{\left(\mathrm{GMFM}\ \mathrm{at}\ \mathrm{the}\ \mathrm{time}\ \mathrm{point}-\mathrm{GMFM}\ \mathrm{at}\ \mathrm{baseline}\ \right)}{\mathrm{GMFM}\ \mathrm{at}\ \mathrm{baseline}\ } \), respectively. Group A (n = 22) received umbilical cord blood (UCB) with erythropoietin (EPO), group B (n = 24) received UCB with placebo EPO (P-EPO), group C (n = 20) received placebo UCB (P-UCB) and EPO, and group D (n = 22) received P-UCB and P-EPO. Data are shown in violin plots where dots represent each value, bold dotted lines represent the median and fine dotted lines represent lower and upper quartiles. Asterisk indicates significant difference in outcome scores between two groups based on post hoc analyses (P < 0.05) (Dunn’s multiple comparison test) following Kruskal-Wallis test. B Changes in GMPM change ratio according to (a) cell dose and (b) HLA disparity in group A. Subgroups with lower and higher TNC were categorized according to the median value of TNC in groups A and B. Subgroup from group A with higher TNC showed significant improvement in GMPM change ratio compared to group D after 12 months post-intervention. Data are also shown in violin plots where dots represent each value, bold dotted lines represent the median and fine dotted lines represent lower and upper quartiles. Asterisk indicates significant difference in outcome scores between two groups based on post hoc analyses (P < 0.05) (Dunn’s multiple comparison test) following Kruskal-Wallis test. The impact of HLA incompatibility was analyzed between HLA full-matched or 1 mis-matched and HLA 2 mis-matched cases in group A and B. In group A, variances of GMFM during baseline to 1 month (P = 0.036) and to 3 months (P = 0.05) were larger among the subjects who received more HLA-compatible UCB (n = 10) than those treated with HLA 2-mismatched UCB (n = 12). Asterisk indicates significant difference in outcome scores between two groups based on Mann-Whitney U test. EPO, erythropoietin; GMFM, gross motor function measure; GMPM, gross motor performance measure; HLA, human leukocyte antigen; TNC, total nucleated cell; UCB, umbilical cord blood

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