Fig. 1

Quality control of MSCs and exosomes. a MSCs were stained with Alizarin red, Oil red O, and Alcian blue to confirm their differentiation into osteogenesis, adipogenesis, and chondrogenesis. (Scale bar 50 μm and 100 μm). b Size distribution of exosomes measured by NTA. c The MSCs and exosomes expression levels of Calnexin, CD9, CD81, and TSG101 were detected via western blot analysis. d TEM images of exosomes derived from MSCs. (Scale bar 100 nm, 500 nm)