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Fig. 2 | Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Fig. 2

From: Human embryonic stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles alleviate retinal degeneration by upregulating Oct4 to promote retinal Müller cell retrodifferentiation via HSP90

Fig. 2

hESEVs alleviate RD of RCS rats by promoting Müller cell retrodifferentiation. TEM was employed for observation of hESEV morphology (a), NanoS90 for measurement of EVs size (b), and western blot for detection on the expressions of EV markers (c). Then, EV tracking method was used to observe EV distribution in retinal tissues, and we found that EVs were infiltrated into RPE cells (d). The retinal function (e), amplitudes, and latent times of Rod-b wave (f, g) in RCS rats of hESEVs group and PBS group were investigated by ERG. Subsequently, the damage of retina was evaluated by H&E staining (h), the fluorescence intensities of Müller cell marker (i), and progenitor cell marker (j) were analyzed by immunofluorescence, and coexpressions of Müller cell marker and progenitor cell marker were determined by double immunofluorescence staining (k); *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs. the PBS group; TEM, transmission microscope; hESEVs, human embryonic stem cells; EVs, extracellular vesicles; RPE, retinal pigment epithelium; ERG, electroretinogram; PBS, phosphate buffer saline

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