Fig. 1
From: ER stress arm XBP1s plays a pivotal role in proteasome inhibition-induced bone formation
Effects of proteasome inhibitors on osteogenic differentiation of mMSCs, MC3T3-E1 cells, and MM-MSCs. Eighty to 90% confluent mMSCs, MC3T3-E1 cells, and MM-MSCs in 35-mm dishes were treated with bortezomib (Btz) or carfilzomib (Cfz) at concentrations of 0, 1, and 2.5 nM or were cultured in osteogenic differentiation medium for 8 days, replacing with fresh medium every 2 days. Alizarin red staining of mMSCs (a), MC3T3-E1 cells (b), and MM-MSCs (c) treated with bortezomib (upper panel) or carfilzomib (lower panel). Alkaline phosphatase staining of bortezomib (upper panel) or carfilzomib-treated (lower panel) mMSCs (d), MC3T3-E1 cells (e), and MM-MSCs (f). Images shown are representative of 3 independent experiments