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Fig. 2 | Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Fig. 2

From: MicroRNA-enriched small extracellular vesicles possess odonto-immunomodulatory properties for modulating the immune response of macrophages and promoting odontogenesis

Fig. 2

DPSCs-sEV manipulated the immune response of macrophages through NFκΒ signaling pathway. a DPSCs-sEV increased the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-1ra and IL10, while decreased the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in macrophages. b When macrophages were treated with DPSCs-sEV for 2 days, the expression of M1 marker CD11c was inhibited, while the expression of M2 marker CD206 was enhanced. c When treated with DPSCs-sEV for 1 and 2 days, TLR4, MyD88, IKBKB, and p-NFκΒ were downregulated, while IκΒ-α was upregulating in macrophages

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