Fig. 4

miR-125a-3p contained in DPSCs-sEV manipulated immune response of macropahges through NFκΒ and TLR pathway by directly targeting IKBKB. a miR-125a-3p downregulated TLR4, MyD88, IKBKB, and p-NFκΒ, but upregulating IκΒ-α in macrophages. b IKBKB was found to be targeted by miR-125a-3p by four bioinformatics tools. c The predicted miRNA binding sites in the 3′UTR of IKBKB by miR-125a-3p. d Double-luciferase assay and e qPCR determined that IKBKB could be directly downregulated by miR-125a-3p. f IL-1ra and IL10 were increased, whereas the IL-1β and TNF-α were decreased in macrophages treated with miR-125a-3p. g The expression of M1 markers was inhibited, whereas the expression of M2 markers was enhanced by miR-125a-3p