Fig. 6From: MicroRNA-enriched small extracellular vesicles possess odonto-immunomodulatory properties for modulating the immune response of macrophages and promoting odontogenesisDPSCs-sEV-stimulated macrophage-conditioned medium enhances odontogenic differentiation in DPSCs via BMP signaling. a DPSCs-sEV-stimulated macrophage-conditioned medium upregulated DSP and DMP-1 proteins and b enhanced calcium deposition and nodule formation in DPSCs. c DPSCs-sEV-stimulated macrophage-conditioned medium increased the protein expression amounts of BMPR1, p-SMAD1/5/9, and SMAD4 in DPSCs, without altering TGFR1 and p-SMAD2/3 levelsBack to article page