Fig. 1

Microarray analysis of chemokine profiles in muscles of patients with dystrophinopathy and mdx mice. Heatmaps of differentially expressed chemokines in muscles of a patients with dystrophinopathy and b mdx mice relative to controls. Each row and column represents a chemokine and a dataset, respectively. Different colours indicate the log₂(fold change) of each gene (red = upregulated, green = downregulated, and blank = no detection by the chip). Chemokines exhibiting significant differential expression in the muscles of c patients with dystrophinopathy and d mdx mice (adjusted P < 0.05). e Venn diagram of chemokines exhibiting significant differential expression in muscles of both patients and mdx mice. Red and yellow circles indicate the data from humans and mice, respectively. Orange overlapping regions indicate shared differential expression in both human and mouse data. Chemokines above and below the horizontal line are upregulated and downregulated, respectively. The superscript number next to the chemokine name indicates the number of datasets showing differential expression, with the superscripts on the left and right indicating human and mouse data, respectively. CXCL12^* showed contradictory results in two mouse datasets. EOM,extraocular muscle; DIA, diaphragm; GAS, gastrocnemius; SOL, soleus; EDL, extensor digitorum longus; QUAD, quadriceps; TA, tibialis anterior; CM, cardiac muscle