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Fig. 3 | Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Fig. 3

From: Conditioned media from endothelial progenitor cells cultured in simulated microgravity promote angiogenesis and bone fracture healing

Fig. 3

MG-CM promoted HUVECs’ proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis in vitro partially through increased NO production. a The effects of DMEM, NG-CM, MG-CM, and NO reduced MG-CM on HUVECs’ proliferation were analyzed by MTT assay. b The Ki67 expression in HUVECs was detected by immunofluorescence staining. DAPI was for nuclear counterstain. c–f Transwell assay and wound healing assay were employed to detect the migration capacity changes of HUVECs after treatment followed by quantitative analyses. g The CD31 expression levels of HUVECs in each group were detected by immunofluorescence staining. h, i Tube formation assay was used to detect the angiogenic abilities of HUVECs followed by quantitative analysis. j qRT-PCR results showed the relative expression levels of VEGF and MMP-9, with GAPDH as the internal reference. This experiment was repeated independently three times. Abbreviations: HUVECs, human umbilical vein endothelial cells; NG-CM, conditioned media from endothelial progenitor cells under normal gravity; MG-CM, conditioned media from endothelial progenitor cells under microgravity; NO, nitric oxide; DAPI, 4, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; MMP-9, matrix metalloproteinase 9. Data were presented as the mean ± standard deviation. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001

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