Fig. 6

Macroscopic and histologic assessment of cartilage repair effects of SCB-SPCs pretreated by radial shockwave in vivo at 12 weeks. a Macroscopic observation of cartilage repair in the femoral trochlea at 12 weeks after surgery. Representative HE, safranin O, toluidine blue, and immunohistochemical staining of Col II. Scale bars represent 1 mm. b ICRS scores of the regenerated tissue in each group (n = 5). c Modified ICRS histological scores of cartilage repair in each group (n = 5). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001