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Table 7 Results of subcutaneously implanted ASCs embedded in scaffolds

From: Differences of embedding adipose-derived stromal cells in natural and synthetic scaffolds for dermal and subcutaneous delivery

Author (year) [ref]

Scaffold material

Cells

Results from each study’s best scaffold for ASC delivery

Duration in vivo

In vitro

In vivo

Wu et al. (2017) [33]

aPLGA + bOEG9

ASCs

Most cells are viable and proliferate after 3 days

The cells adhere to the scaffold

Increased vascularization

Host cells invade the scaffold

Positive stain for CD31+ cells and VEGF

4 weeks

Zhang et al. (2017) [34]

aPLGA

dASCs

Cells are viable and adhere to the scaffold

Cells form lipid droplets and express adipogenic genes

Increased vascularization

Fat formation surrounded by a thin fibrotic capsule

No necrosis or inflammation

Positive staining for CD31+ cells and vWF

12 weeks

Cho et al. (2005) [35]

Fibrin gel + cbFGF +

dPGA + ePLLA

dASCs

Cells proliferate in the scaffold

Cells form lipid droplets

The implant did not shrink at visual inspection

Fat formation

6 weeks

Hong et al. (2006) [36]

Gelatin sponge

dASCs

Cells proliferate in the scaffold

Cells form lipid droplets

Increased vascularization

Human dASCs found after 4 weeks

Fat formation (40% of histological section is newly formed fat tissue)

4 weeks

Dhillon et al. (2019) [37]

fMGC-gRGD

ASCs

Cells are viable and metabolically active

Cells express angiogenic genes

Cells have normal morphology

Cells are retained inside the scaffold

Increased vascularization

2 weeks

Jing et al. (2007) [23]

Alginate

dASCs

Cells form lipid droplets

Cells express adipogenic genes and proteins

The grafted dASCs and scaffold are visually like adipose tissue

Increased metabolic activity of dASCs during the first week

Fat formation and adipogenic gene expression

8 weeks

Storck et al. (2017) [38]

jPu-fibrin + fat flap

dASCs

n/a

Fat formation

Neotissue originates from the host

12 weeks

  1. dASCs adipogenically differentiated ASCs, aPLGA poly (lactide-co-glycolide), bOEG9 oligo (ethylene glycol) 400, cbFGF basic fibroblast growth factor, dPGA poly (glycolic acid), ePLLA poly(L-lactic acid), fMGC N-methacrylate glycol chitosan, gRGD GGGGRGDS peptide sequence derived from collagen and fibronectin, jPU poly(ε-caprolactone)-based polyurethane