Skip to main content
Fig. 4 | Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Fig. 4

From: AICAR and nicotinamide treatment synergistically augment the proliferation and attenuate senescence-associated changes in mesenchymal stromal cells

Fig. 4

Effect of AICAR and NAM treatment on differentiation potential of MSCs after long-term in vitro culture. MSCs at P8 were cultured in osteogenic or adipogenic induction media in the presence of AICAR (1 mM), NAM (5 mM), or AICAR+NAM (1 mM and 5 mM, respectively) or in the absence of AICAR and NAM (control group). a Cells were stained with Alizarin Red S, and the accumulation of calcium deposits was visualized using light microscopy (scale bar = 100 μm) and quantified by spectrophotometry (n = 3 independent experiments). Each bar indicates mean ± SD. b Expression of markers of osteogenesis—Runx-2, osteopontin, and ALP—was determined by qRT-PCR analysis (n = 3 independent experiments). Each bar indicates mean ± SD. c For the evaluation of adipogenesis, cells were stained with Oil Red O, and lipid accumulation was visualized using light microscopy (scale bar = 100 μm) and quantified by spectrophotometry (n = 3 independent experiments). Each bar indicates mean ± SD. d mRNA expression of markers of adipogenesis—LPL and PPAR-γ—was determined by qRT-PCR analysis (n = 3 independent experiments). Each bar indicates mean ± SD (*p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001; ****p < .0001). Abbreviations: Runx-2, Runt-related transcription factor 2; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; LPL, lipoprotein lipase; PPAR-γ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ; AICAR, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide; NAM, nicotinamide

Back to article page