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Fig. 2 | Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Fig. 2

From: Pulsed electromagnetic fields potentiate the paracrine function of mesenchymal stem cells for cartilage regeneration

Fig. 2

Brief PEMF exposure stimulates MSC-derived paracrine activity to promote chondrogenesis. MSCs in 3D pellet cultures undergoing chondrogenesis were subjected to PEMFs at either 0 or 2 mT for 10 min. The conditioned media generated after 24 h of PEMF exposure (PCM) was either replaced with age-matched media from unexposed sister cultures (CM-dep; CM-deprived), or transferred to age-matched exposed or unexposed sister cultures. Real-time PCR analysis of cartilaginous markers were performed after 7 days of differentiation and normalized to GAPDH. Results were presented as fold-changes relative to the level in undifferentiated MSCs. Data shown are means ± SD, n = 6 from 2 independent experiments. * denotes significance differences compared to non-PEMFed controls (red bars); # denotes significance differences compared to CM-deprived (CM-dep) condition; @ denotes significance differences compared to treatment with PCM alone

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