Fig. 4

Effects of PEMF-induced conditioned media (CM) harvested from 2D cultures of MSCs over chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs. CM was collected 24 h post-PEMF exposure and tested for chondrogenic effect over naive (unexposed) MSC pellet cultures undergoing chondrogenic differentiation in the presence of TGFβ. a Real-time PCR analysis of cartilaginous and hypertrophic marker expression after 7 days of differentiation normalized to GAPDH and presented as fold-change relative to levels in undifferentiated MSCs. Expression of hypertrophic markers was presented as ratio to Col 2 expression. b Quantification of cartilaginous extracellular matrix macromolecules generated by differentiated MSCs after 21 days of differentiation. Data shown are means ± SD, n = 6 from 2 independent experiments. * denotes significance differences compare to non-PEMFed CM (0 mT) controls (red dash lines). # denotes significance differences compared to PEMFed CM (PCM) generated at 3 mT, 10 min exposure