Fig. 8

Effect of PEMF-induced conditioned medium (CM) on inflamed MSCs pre- (a) and post- (b) chondrogenic induction. a Inflammation was induced in MSCs with 5 ng/ml IL-1β for 24 h before administration of CCM or PCM generated from 2D MSC cultures. Expression of inflammatory genes and NOS activity was assayed at 24 (plain bars) and 48 h (hatched bars) after CM treatment. b MSCs undergoing chondrogenesis in 3D pellet cultures were treated with 5 ng/ml IL-1β 24 h prior to the administration of CCM or PCM. Expression cartilaginous markers was analyzed after 7 days of differentiation, normalized to GAPDH and presented as fold-changes relative to levels in undifferentiated MSCs. Data shown represent means ± SD, n = 6 from 2 independent experiments. * denotes significant differences compared to the non-inflamed controls (no IL-1β treatment), # denotes significant differences compared to the inflammation controls (IL-1β alone treatment), and @ denotes significant differences compared to respective CCM. Col 2 = type II collagen; COX-2 = cycloxigenase-2; IL-1β = interleukin-1β; IL-6 = interleukin-6; MMP-13 = metalloproteinase 13; NOS = nitric oxide synthase; Sox9 = SRY-Box 9