Fig. 5

The intrinsic deficiency of AA-MSCs. a Multiple genes associated with cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) were highly expressed in AA-MSCs, while cell cycle- and p53-associated genes were decreased in AA-MSCs. b The scratch analysis showed a decreased migration capacity of AA-MSCs (HD: n = 5; AA: n = 5). c, d The proliferative capacity of AA-MSCs was significantly decreased (HD: n = 5; AA: n = 5). e, f The cell cycle analysis showed a higher proportion in sub-G1 phase in AA-MSCs (HD: n = 8; AA: n = 8). g, h Significantly increased apoptotic cells was measured in AA-MSC by flow cytometry (HD: n = 6; AA: n = 6). i, j Increased cell senescence was observed in AA-MSCs by using β-GAL staining under light microscope and confocal microscope (HD: n = 5; AA: n = 5). k No karyotype abnormalities were observed in AA-MSCs (HD: n = 3; AA: n = 3)