Table 4 The biological characteristics of exosomes from three sources
HAD-MSC-derived exosomes | HUC-MSC-derived exosomes | HBMSC-derived exosomes |
|---|---|---|
Tissue repair and regeneration [71] Angiogenesis [71] Inflammation regulation [71] Transplantation rejection [71] Osteogenesis and adipogenesis spread [71] Reduction in apoptosis [74] Immune system regulation [74] | Inflammatory response [77] Ossification [78] Promote new blood vessel formation [79] Pathological damage regulation [80] Nerve regeneration [80] | Inhibit the secretion of interferon γ by lymphocytes [69, 81, 82] Immunomodulatory [83] Stimulate tissue repair [83] Pro-migration [83] Stimulate proliferation [83] Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects [83] Regulate osteoclast generation [83] Osteogenic differentiation [83] |