Fig. 5

Cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor expression. a–d Assessment of cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor expression, before and after stimulation with bacterial LPS on UC- and BD-MSCs. a Proinflammatory Cytokines. b Immunomodulators. c Growth Factors. d Chemokines. e–h Assessment of cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor expression, shown as the reaction index after LPS stimulation. Statistical significance is indicated with asterisks: *p value ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01, and *** p ≤ 0.001. No asterisks represent p > 0.05. N = 3 for each group (=cells from 3 different patients per group); triplicates per biological sample. Graph: Mean