Fig. 1
From: Involvement of the long noncoding RNA H19 in osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration
Synergistic effects of MSC-derived osteoblasts and hematopoietic stem cell-derived osteoclasts. (a) Damaged bone will release cytokines to induce osteoblastic matrix secretion and calcium mineralization. (b) MSCs differentiate into osteoblasts. (c) Osteoblasts start to synthesize and secrete matrix, repair the tissue microenvironment, and induce bone regeneration. (d) Hematopoietic stem cells differentiate into osteoclasts. (e) Osteoclasts absorb organic and inorganic compounds released by damaged bone. (f) Ca2+, (PO4)3−, and other degradation products enter the blood circulation system