From: Advancements in stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cell models for hepatotoxicity testing
Cell types | Descriptions | Advantages | Disadvantages | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Primary human hepatocytes | Hepatocytes isolated from fresh human liver | Maintain original structure and functions, the gold standard | Limited availability, rapid dedifferentiation, and function loss | |
Hepatic cell lines | Immortalized cell lines from human liver carcinoma cells, e.g., HepG2, Hep3B and Huh7 | Easy obtainment and low cost | Loss of original characteristics of hepatocytes and inaccurate predictions | [11] |
hESCs-derived HLCs | Hepatocytes differentiated from hESCs by mimicking the developmental pathway of the liver during embryogenesis | High self-renewal and pluripotency | Ethical issues | [12] |
hiPSCs-derived HLCs | Hepatocytes differentiated from hiPSCs that are obtained by reprogramming of adult somatic cells | Self-renewal and pluripotency, no ethical issues, and potential to model iDILI | Low reprogramming efficiency and potential tumorigenic risk | |
hMSCs-derived HLCs | Hepatocytes differentiated from hMSCs that can be obtained from adipose tissue, bone marrow, placenta, etc. | Abundant sources, fewer ethical concerns, and lower tumorigenic risk | Relatively low endoderm differentiation potential | |
Transdifferentiated cells | Hepatocytes transdifferentiated directly from human adult somatic cells | Fewer operational steps | Low reprogramming efficiency, limited proliferation capacity | |
HepaRG cells | A human bipotent progenitor cell line that can be differentiated into hepatocytes | High levels of major phase I and phase II enzymes | Low functional levels of CYP2D6, CYP2A6, and CYP2E1 |