Fig. 3

ZDHHC15 silencing or treatment with local anesthetics strongly induces differentiation of GSCs. a Glioma tissue sections (n = 60) were stained with an antibody against ZDHHC15. Scale bar, 200 μm. b Representative images showing U251 GSCs maintained under neurosphere conditions for 7 days after transfection with ZDHHC15 shRNA or treatment with prilocaine, lidocaine, procaine, or ropivacaine (20 μM). c The capacity of the U251 GSCs transfected with ZDHHC5 shRNA and treated with prilocaine, lidocaine, procaine, and ropivacaine (20 μM) to generate neurospheres was estimated by a serial dilution assay. d GSC neurospheres of all categories were stained for stem and differentiated cell markers as indicated. Cells were stained with antibodies against nestin and SOX2 for neural stem cell markers, and antibody staining of GFAP and MAP 2 were used as markers of differentiated cells. DAPI (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) was used as a nuclear stain. Scale bar, 100 μm