Fig. 2

The effect of regulators secreted by hAMSCs/hAFMSCs on various cancer signaling pathways. hAMSCs/hAFMSCs produce a wide verity of mediators that affect different signaling pathways in cancer cells. As two distinct cell fate, cell proliferation and apoptosis pathways are the most important sites of action of these mediators. Proteins such as VEGF and bFGF promote angiogenesis in cancer cells, helping them to supply nutrients and scape from the tumor microenvironment. In the opposite side, the mediators secreted from these cells through activation of different signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT signaling lead the cancer cell to apoptosis