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Fig. 4 | Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Fig. 4

From: Silencing Smad7 potentiates BMP2-induced chondrogenic differentiation and inhibits endochondral ossification in human synovial-derived mesenchymal stromal cells

Fig. 4

Smad7 reduce BMP2-induced chondrogenic differentiation and dilate hypertrophic differentiation. a The experimental design of Smad7 regulation during chondrogenic differentiation and hypertrophic differentiation. b Alcian blue staining for sulfated glycosaminoglycans in micromass cultures of hSMSCs on day 7 after transduction of indicated recombinant adenoviruses, gross observation, and microscope examination (40X) are shown. c Type II collagen (COL2) protein level was measured after 7 days by immunohistochemical analysis. Microscope bars was 100 μm. d COL10 protein level was measured after 7 days chondrogenic cultured and 7 days hypertrophic cultured by immunohistochemical analysis and both gross observation and microscope examination exhibits Smad7 promote its expression level. Bars 100 μm. e MMP13 protein level also measured by immunohistochemical staining. f Immunohistochemical staining quantification results were analyzed by ImageJ software. g RT-qPCR assay determined that Smad7 inhibits the expression of chondrogenic relative factors, including SOX9, Aggrecan, and COL2 at BMP2-induced chondrogenic differentiation. h Smad7 potentiates the expression of hypertrophic relative factors of hSMSCs. RT-qPCR assay was determined that hypertrophic differentiation relative factors, including RUNX2, COL10, and MMP13. All of the quantification data are done in triplicate and shown as mean ± SD. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01

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