Fig. 8

The mechanisms of FGF21 and GLP1 synergistically improve lipid metabolism. The diagram illustrates three existing strategies for regulating lipid metabolism. The red box represents the known mechanisms of metabolic regulation targeting PCSK9 and HMC-CoA reductase. Currently, antibodies and statins are mainly used to block the expression of PCSK9 and HMC-CoA reductase to reduce cholesterol and lipid synthesis. In this study, we focused on cytokines that regulate lipid metabolism. FGF21 and GLP1 bind to their receptors and synergistically enhance the AMPK phosphorylation levels. Activated AMPK further inhibits the expression of the SREBP1/2 genes and mature SREBP1/2 protein in the nucleus. Finally, the expression of enzymes directly involved in lipid metabolism is significantly inhibited