Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the participants
| Â | Control | Osteopenia | Osteoporosis | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 58.32 ± 3.14 | 59.28 ± 4.06 | 60.67 ± 6.24 | 0.058 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.8 ± 1.2 | 24.0 ± 2.1 | 24.1 ± 1.6 | 0.124 |
BMD (g/cm2) | 0.93 ± 0.08 | 0.82 ± 0.11 | 0.65 ± 0.06 | 0.012 |
Lumbar spine (L1-L4) T-score | − 0.25 ± 0.04 | − 1.82 ± 0.09 | − 2.86 ± 0.17 | < 0.0001 |
Lumbar spine (L1-L4) Z-score | − 0.26 ± 0.12 | − 1.54 ± 0.03 | − 2.76 ± 0.10 | < 0.0001 |
PTH (pg/ml) | 38.6 ± 12.4 | 36.9 ± 11.3 | 36.8 ± 12.2 | > 0.05 |
25(OH) D (ng/ml) | 23.6 ± 4.9 | 24.2 ± 3.8 | 23.9 ± 5.8 | > 0.05 |
β-CTx (pg/ml) | 558.6 ± 43.1 | 698.7 ± 52.1 | 808.4 ± 37.6 | < 0.0001 |
tP1NP (ng/ml) | 29.33 ± 3.21 | 45.22 ± 2.14 | 59.12 ± 4.02 | 0.018 |
Osteocalcin (ng/ml) | 7.99 ± 1.08 | 13.55 ± 2.61 | 19.02 ± 3.10 | 0.002 |
Calcium (mmol/L) | 2.43 ± 0.12 | 2.38 ± 0.07 | 2.39 ± 0.09 | > 0.05 |
Inorganic phosphorus (mmol/L) | 1.21 ± 0.08 | 1.20 ± 0.06 | 1.22 ± 0.04 | > 0.05 |