Fig. 3
From: Osteoclastic effects of mBMMSCs under compressive pressure during orthodontic tooth movement
mBMMSCs increase the number of osteoclasts in mice after 10 days. a–c The width of the periodontal ligament on the pressure side of the distal buccal root of the first molar in the mBMMSC injection group was larger than in the saline injection group. The large black arrows represent the direction of orthodontic force. AB, alveolar bone; T, tooth; PDL, periodontal ligament (N = 5/group). d Statistical results of osteoclasts in tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining images of two groups of pathological sections. The number of osteoclasts produced along the pressure site of the mBMMSC group was much greater than in the saline injection group. **P < 0.01 versus NS group. e, f The number of TRAP-positive osteoclasts was increased on the pressure side in the stem cell injection group after 10 days. The large black dotted frame shows a high-magnification view of the small box area. The large black arrows represent the direction of orthodontic force, and the small black arrows represent TRAP-positive multinucleated osteoclasts (N = 5/group). AB, alveolar bone; PDL, periodontal ligament. The scale bars in a, b, e-i and f-i are 50 μm, and the scale bars in e-ii and e-ii are 20 μm