Fig. 1

The manifestations of the teeth from patients with HPP. a The panoramic radiograph analysis of full dentition of two patients with HPP. b. The morphology features of pediatric deciduous cusps from health and HPP1 patient, and histology of tooth structures in HPP1 patient including acellular cementum (AC) and dentin (DE). Upper scale bar = 5 mm, bottom scale bar = 500 mm. c, d The surface structures of the cementum (c) and ultra-structures of dentinal tubules (d) in the tooth from the healthy or HPP patient were detected by the SEM