Fig. 3

AA-I-induced renal epithelial cell injury triggers MSC migration. Inflammatory factors such as TNF-α released by injured renal epithelial cells promote AA-I-induced migration. Representative images were captured at a magnification of 200×. Scale bar = 50 μm (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ****P < 0.0001 compared with the control group)