Skip to main content

Table 2 Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC)-based therapy for common immune-mediated lung disorders (animal studies)

From: Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells as a valuable source for the treatment of immune-mediated disorders

Condition

Model

Main consequences

Ref

COPD

Ozone-induced mice

Protection against oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and decreasing airway inflammation after AT-MSC injection

[118]

ALI/ARDS

Influenza virus-induced pig

Suppression of influenza virus replication and virus-elicited apoptosis in lung epithelial cells by MSC-extracellular vesicles (EVs)

[119]

ALI/ARDS

LPS-induced mice

Reduced total protein and albumin concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) along with attenuated levels of proinflammatory factors and amended rates of anti-inflammatory factors after BM-MSC injection

[120]

ALI/ARDS

LPS-induced mice

Amelioration of lung function and reduction in alveolar collapse, tissue cellularity, collagen, and elastic fiber content in lung tissue in association with lessening in TNF-α, IL-1β, CXCL1, TGF-β, and VEGF by transplantation of MSCs derived from BM and AT

[121]

ALI/ARDS

LPS-induced mice

Mitigated inflammation, oxidative damage, and reduced release of NETs, leading to the promoted overall survival rate of experimental models after MSC transplantation

[122]

ALI/ARDS

LPS-induced mice

Protection against LPS-induced ALI/ARDS by reduction of serum amyloid A (SAA) levels following administration of exosomes derived from microRNA-30b-3p-overexpressing MSCs

[123]

COPD

CS-induced rat

Reduction of TNF-α, IL-1β, MCP-1, and IL-6 and proteases MMP9 and MMP12 levels and promotion of VEGF, VEGF-R2, and TGF-β1 levels in lung tissue, and plummeting pulmonary cell apoptosis upon MSC transplantation

[124]

Emphysema

Papain-induced rat

Induction of protection against pulmonary emphysema by increasing VEGF-A expression and preventing the apoptosis of lung cells after MSC injection

[125]

PF

Silica-induced rat

Inflammatory response inhibition and reduced caspase-3 protein expression with a promotion in the Bcl-2/Bax ratio in pulmonary cell upon AT-MSC injection

[126]

BPD

Hyperoxia-induced rat

Lung function rescue, inhibition of fibrosis and pulmonary vascular remodeling, and improvement of pulmonary hypertension upon MSC-Exo injection

[127]

PF

Bleomycin-induced mice

Decrease of bleomycin-induced PF by AT-MSC intratracheal injection mediated by targeting miR-199 and caveolin-1 expression and AKT phosphorylation

[128]

PF

Bleomycin-induced mice

Alleviation of PF and promotion of survival rate of experimental models after injection of hypoxia-preconditioned MSCs mediated by HGF upregulation

[129]

ALI/ARDS

LPS-induced mice

Reduction in IL-1β and promotion of IL-10 levels in BALF as well as augmented expression of PCNA and KGF and diminished expression of caspase-3 following menstrual blood-derived stem cell (MenSC) injection

[130]

Asthma

Ovalbumin-induced mice

Amelioration of the airway remodeling and inhibition of fibrosis by targeting TGF-β1/Smad pathway after systemic administration of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-MSCs

[131]

ALI/ARDS

Ventilator-induced rat

Reduction in albumin levels and inflammatory cells frequencies in BALF leading to the promoted overall survival of experimental models upon injection of UC-MSCs

[132]

PF

Paraquat-induced mice

Inhibition of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 generation resulted in PF restoration upon MSC administration

[133]

PF

BLM-induced mice

PF amelioration upon inhibition of the IL6-IL10-TGF-β axis involving lung M2 macrophages after UC-MSC systemic injection

[134]

Asthma

Ovalbumin-induced mice

Attenuation of numbers of goblet cells, the thicknesses of smooth muscle layer and collagen density along with inhibition of the expression of TGF-β1, TAK1, and p38MAPK in lung tissue after injection of erythropoietin (EPO) gene modified MSCs

[135]

ALI/ARDS

Bleomycin-induced rat

Promotion of vascular permeability, decrease in the rates of proinflammatory cytokines, and improvement in anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 levels caused ALI/ARDS amelioration

[136]

Asthma

Ovalbumin-induced mice

Mitigated IL-4, IL-13, and CCL11 levels and collagen fiber content and promoted IL-10 levels in BALF and improved lung function upon MSC administration

[137]

Emphysema

CS-induced rat

Inhibition of induced emphysema development through differentiation of injected MSCs into type II alveolar epithelial cells and dwindled apoptosis and oxidative stress

[138]

Asthma

Ovalbumin-induced mice

Restoration of asthmatic airway remodeling mediated by inhibition of TGF-β1 induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition upon hUC-MSC administration

[139]

ALI/ARDS

LPS-induced rat

Inhibition of inflammatory response resulted in ALI/ARDS rescue after BM-MSC administration

[140]

ALI/ARDS

Ventilator-induced rat

Decreased total lung water as well as dampened lung inflammation achieved by down regulation of TNF-α and up regulation of IL-10 after BM-MSC injection by intravenous route

[141]

ALI/ARDS

Ventilator-induced pig

Absence of significant difference in lung injury rate in the presence of attenuation in expression levels of proinflammatory cytokine and NF-kB translocation upon UC-MSC administration

[142]

ALI/ARDS

CS-induced sheep

Promoted oxygenation and reduced pulmonary edema following UC-MSC administration

[143]

  1. Note: PCNA proliferating cell nuclear antigen, KGF keratinocyte growth factor, TGF-β transforming growth factor-beta, VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor, NETs neutrophil extracellular traps, MCP-1 monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, MMPs matrix metallopeptidases, HGF hepatocyte growth factor, TAK1 transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase-1, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ALI/ARDS acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome, PF pulmonary fibrosis, BPD bronchopulmonary dysplasia, LPS lipopolysaccharide, CS cigarette smoke, AT adipose tissue, BM bone marrow, UC umbilical cord