Fig. 3
From: Human placenta mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes delay H2O2-induced aging in mouse cholangioids
Establishment of senescent cholangioids by H2O2 treatment. a Schematic of the treatment of expansion medium (EM) containing 50 nM H2O2 was classified into the Sen group. The Ctrl group was treated with EM only. Medium was changed at intervals of 24 or 48 h. b Representative light microscopy image of H2O2-stimulated organoids, showing cytological features characteristic of senescence (reduced size, darkened spheroids) (scale bar, 200 μm). c Typical organoids in the Sen and Ctrl groups expressing cell cycle arrest protein p21WAF1/Cip1 (red) after exposure to oxidative stress for 120 h; CK19 protein was stained cyan and cell nuclei were stained blue (scale bar, 50 μm). d SA-β-gal-positive organoids (green) in the Sen and Ctrl groups following oxidative stress induction for 120 h, observed by light microscopy (scale bar, 100 μm). e mRNA expression levels of SASP components and chemokines (IL-6, CCL2, CXCL2, CXCL16, and CX3CL1) increased significantly at 120 h, compared with 24, 48, and 96 h. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) (***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, n = 4; ordinary one-way ANOVA)